Seljuk architecture comprises the building traditions used by the Seljuk dynasty , when it ruled most of the Middle East and Anatolia during the 11th to 13th centuries. The Great Seljuk Empire (11th-12th centuries) contributed significantly to the architecture of Iran and surrounding regions, introducing innovations such as the symmetrical four- iwan layout and the first widespread creation of state-sponsored madrasas . Their buildings were generally constructed in brick , with decoration created using brickwork , tiles , and carved stucco . After the 11th century, the Seljuks of Anatolia emerged from the Great Seljuk Empire developing their own architecture. Anatolian Seljuk architecture was more eclectic and was influenced by the Armenian , Byzantine and Iranian architectural traditions. Unlike earlier Seljuk architecture to the east, the...